Developing high quality guidance at pace: the new 'normal'?

Objective To compare and contrast methodology used for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist's (RCOG) COVID-19 guidance with established standards, as well as the RCOG's Green-top Guidelines. Case report The RCOG has developed guidance for over 20 years and currently publishes different formats including Green-top Guidelines (GTG), which achieved NICE accreditation renewal in 2020. In March 2020, the RCOG started developing guidance to support women and healthcare professionals working in maternity and/or gynaecology services during the COVID- 19 pandemic. In this case study we describe the development of the RCOG/RCM Coronavirus Infection and Pregnancy guidance (https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-se rvices/guidelines/coronavirus-pregnancy/). We compare and contrast the methods used, both with internationally agreed principles for developing guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic and those used by Green-top Guidelines, in order to understand what can be learned for future guideline development. To meet the need for timely guidance, Green-top Guideline methodology was not suitable for the COVID-19 Infection and Pregnancy guidance co-developed by the RCOG and RCM. Instead, the development team initially published emergency guidance using pragmatic methods. They later adopted methods to align with principles on guidelines development processes during the pandemic, as outlined by the Guidelines International Network, adapting these where appropriate. These principles include: Convening a multi-disciplinary group;Defining the scope of the guidance;Describing the methods used, including how the evidence was identified and reviewed, how the recommendations were agreed and how they link to the evidence. Undertaking external review;and Specifying when the guidance will be reviewed and updated. Discussion Through establishing and refining methods in accordance with the principles of the Guidelines International Network, whilst striving to review evidence and implement policy changes on a weekly basis, important differences between the methods and purpose of the COVID- 19 Infection and Pregnancy guidance and the Green-top Guidelines emerge. The most significant of these differences relate to the emergent and low quality nature of the evidence base, the uncertain trajectory of the pandemic, the lack of a formal critical appraisal tool used and the associated grading of evidence and recommendations. Conclusion The pandemic created an unprecedented need to rapidly develop guidance for maternity healthcare professionals in the UK and around the world, as well as information for women themselves. Those developing this guidance are required to continuously balance the need for up-to-date guidance with the time and resource required to follow a high quality development process.

Vulnerable and Forgotten: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Autism Special Schools in England

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and continues to cause, unprecedented disruption in England. The impact of the pandemic on the English education system has been significant, especially for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). While it was encouraging that the educational rights of children and young people with SEND were highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, Government decision-making appeared to be centered around the needs of pupils in mainstream schools. In this article, co-authored by an academic researcher and senior leaders from the Pan London Autism Schools Network (PLASN;a collective of special schools in London and the South East of England, catering for pupils on the autistic spectrum), we reflect on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on special schools in England. We document and discuss a range of challenges experienced by PLASN schools, including the educational inequalities that were exposed and perpetuated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the manner in which the needs and realities of special schools were overlooked by the Government. We also detail the creative and innovative solutions implemented by PLASN schools to overcome barriers that they encountered. These solutions centered on facilitating holistic approaches to support, ensuring clear and regular communication with families, providing effective support for home learning, and promoting collaborative ways of working;all of which align with good practice principles in autism education more generally, and are essential elements of practice to maintain post-pandemic. We additionally reflect on how the COVID-19 pandemic could be a catalyst for much-needed change to the SEND system: leading to better educational provision, and therefore better outcomes, for pupils with SEND. © Copyright © 2021 Crane, Adu, Arocas, Carli, Eccles, Harris, Jardine, Phillips, Piper, Santi, Sartin, Shepherd, Sternstein, Taylor and Wright.

Maternity services in the UK during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a national survey of modifications to standard care.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the modifications to maternity services across the UK, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in the context of the pandemic guidance issued by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), Royal College of Midwives (RCM) and NHS England. DESIGN: National survey. SETTING: UK maternity services during the COVID-19 pandemic. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Healthcare professionals working within maternity services. METHODS: A national electronic survey was developed to investigate local modifications to general and specialist maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the contemporaneous national pandemic guidance. After a pilot phase, the survey was distributed through professional networks by the RCOG and co-authors. The survey results were presented descriptively in tabular and graphic formats, with proportions compared using chi-square tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Service modifications made during the pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 81 respondent sites, 42% of the 194 obstetric units in the UK, were included. They reported substantial and heterogeneous maternity service modifications. Seventy percent of units reported a reduction in antenatal appointments and 56% reported a reduction in postnatal appointments; 89% reported using remote consultation methods. A change to screening pathways for gestational diabetes mellitus was reported by 70%, and 59% had temporarily removed the offer of births at home or in a midwife-led unit. A reduction in emergency antenatal presentations was experienced by 86% of units. CONCLUSIONS: This national survey documents the extensive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services in the UK. More research is needed to understand the impact on maternity outcomes and experience. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: A national survey showed that UK maternity services were modified extensively and heterogeneously in response to COVID-19.